Not sure why that is, but I have 32 GB of RAM and I would like my system to utilize it as much as possible, but as you can see in the screenshot, the system is only using 5.66 GB of the physical RAM, but swap is still being used in a high number. Is this normal? Should I lower the swappiness to lower than 10? Should I let it be?
Thanks
You should set it back to whatever it was. It shows 5.6 GB in active use and 19 GB used for cache. You’re already using all your RAM, just not actively. You don’t sit on 100% of the chairs in your house at once either. 3 GB swap used is very low usage, which is expected when you’re not actively using a lot of memory.
Don’t mess with things you don’t understand, especially when you don’t have an actual problem. You’re going to end up breaking things. (Which, to be fair, is one way to learn, but at the cost of breakage.)
Don’t mess with things you don’t understand.
Don’t listen to this advice. Messing with things you don’t understand is how you learn your OS. Mess with it, break it, then RTFM and fix it. That’s how ya learn!!
you should especially do this on Friday 5:00pm in production, right before going on an international vacation with bad Internet.
😂 I love this.
I’ve had to explain to three different people that they’re not getting a production window on Christmas Eve. I’m the only person in the office from the day after Christmas until January 2.
This!
Just before a big presentation is also one of the best times. You have a few minutes to waste, why not spend then optimising stuff?
Or just RTFM first and learn without breaking stuff.
Nah, without breaking stuff, you never really learn
Hands-on experience is important.
Edit: obviously don’t do this with production machines, but I thought that was given…
That’s not any fun
pretty much. learning things without a corresponding “oh… removed.” moment, just never quite stick with you the same way.
This is 100% it. The sleepless nights I’ve spent hunting for solutions after nuking everything, taught me a great deal. It was even so much fun, too.
No fun. Nothing learned.
Pain is the best teacher.
Nah, homie, removeding removed up then spending your whole evening looking for solutions is what makes it so much fun. lol
If your googling is about to take you to the arch wiki, you’re having a good night!
tinkers with pulseaudio
“Why does my audio not work?”
tinkers more
“Okay I think it kinda works now?”
it breaks again
“fml”I found the docs for pulseaudio and particularly for pipewire to be rather hard to use, personally. RTFM works if the manual is readable, but in these cases, the learning curve was very steep for me (and I still don’t know that I properly understood what’s going on, but it’s working, so I’ve stopped tinkering for now).
You’re not really RTFM unless you’re digging into source code comments
Learning by doing, but make backups.
While I appreciate your comment, I disagree on the last part. removeding removed up is what got me into IT to make a decent living and take care of my family. All the removeding removed up is at home on my personal PC of course 😂
Your comment was great, until the last part. That’s terrible advice. DO mess with things you don’t understand, until you understand them!
You’re not going to cause any permanent damage to your system messing around with system settings.
3 GB swap usage is usually very unpleasant in my experience when the swap is on a HDD. and no thabks, I won’t move the swap to the SSD to kill it earlier
19 GB cache is worthless after you have just moved a lot of files, large in total size. very few useful things remain in there, while your program will get swapped out unnecessarily
Let it be. The people designing the OS most likely know better than you or anyone else in this thread. I know the urge to “tweak” things is strong, but some defaults are defaults for a good reason.
Pssshhh. I taught Torvalds how to code, how dare you. 😂
So it was @penquin all along!
Shut up, private.
Defaults are not always the best setting for a specific user or system. Defaults are often fail safe settings that should work on most systems out of the box. That does not mean other settings aren’t better on your system. Often you can tweak settings to get better results, that are best on YOUR machine and setup.
But only, if you know what you are doing, or if you want to learn about it.
But only, if you know what you are doing, or if you want to learn about it.
This is the crux of it though. Sure you can tweak your system but the average users doesn’t know what they are doing or where to learn more.
I’m not even convinced OP knows what problem they’re trying to solve
This reminds me of the (probably apocryphal) Mozart quote where a student asked him to teach them how to write a symphony, and was told “start with something more simple and short, for one instrument”. The student complained “but you have been writing symphonies since you were a child!”. The reply: “yes, but I didn’t have to ask how”.
The application of this idea here is that for someone to know the requirements for their system to the degree that they can really be sure that the most typical suggestions are not sufficient for them, they probably have to understand how the kernel handles swap and RAM to an extent that they don’t really need to ask this question.
People are very ready to assume that their system is way out of the ordinary, but it probably isn’t.
This is normal. This is a topic with a lot of complexities if you drill down into the details and history, but the tl;dr is certain system processes and other programs will preferably write data to swap because it’s so infrequently needed, and avoids massive slowdown if swap is needed, eg RAM filling, hibernation.
If you’re absolutely sure you’ll never exceed 32gb of RAM usage, you can turn the swap off. But you’re unlikely to notice a performance boost, Linux does (largely) know what it’s doing, moreso than you or I.
The TankieTanuki link is a good place to start to learn more if you really want to tweak it.
I’ll leave it alone. Thank you so much. I just wanted clarification
For sure, and it’s a chill question. Unlike the other comment, I totally celebrate your removeding about with settings you don’t understand, it’s great. I’ve practically made a career of it myself :D
To put it another way you want to be using all of your RAM and swap. It becomes a problem if you are frequently reading from Swap. (Writing isn’t usually as much of an issue as they may be proactive writes in case more memory needs to be filled up).
Basically a perfect OS would use RAM + Swap such that the least disk reads need to be issued. This can mean swapping out some idle anonymous memory so that the space can be used as disk cache for some hotter data.
In this screenshot the OS decided that it was better to swap out 3GiB of something to use that space for the disk cache (“Cached” ). It is likely right about this decision (but is not always).
3 GiB does seem a bit high. But if you have lots of processes running that are using memory but are mostly idle it could definitely happen. For example in my case I often have lots of Language Servers running in my IDE, but many of them are for projects that I am not actively looking at so they are just waiting for something to happen. These often take lots of memory and it may make sense to swap these out until they are used again.
It is probably normal. Don’t decrease your swappiness too much.
I think it happened the following way:
See the “cached” ram is taking 19 gigs. Theese cached ram improves performance by keeping frequently used system files on ram. So the actual occupied amount of ram would be 5+19 ≈ 25gb. Thoose system files might be used more than other app’s ram so that they have higher priority to be in ram. So at the time you opened certain other applications, the total ram usage including cached might be a little over the availiable ram and likely got swapped. The once swapped thing won’t be cleared immediately or with any much priority. I often see swapped contents remain even after closing a bunch of apps which gave empty space in ram.
So its just normal but is it using swap without once opening enough apps to fill the availiable space with used+cached? If so I would also be concerned
Damn. I actually didn’t even pay attention to the cached part, nor have I ever even known what it was for. Makes sense now. Thank you.
There is a common misconception that swappiness affects the memory threshold or prevents using swap space, but it only affects the preference for freeing up file pages over swap. See: this article for a more detailed explanation or the kernel source code where it is used.
I love those links. Thank you.
Yes, this is normal and it’s a good thing (unless you’ve come across a bug). I don’t know exactly what app the screenshot is showing, but I’m guessing that the caching shown is referring to the filesystem cache. The kernel is keeping a cache of files you are likely to access again so that it doesn’t have to read them from storage again. So what you’re seeing here is that some memory contents were moved to swap to make room for filesystem cache. This is because the kernel believes you’re more likely to access those files again rather than the memory contents. If it’s right, then this a performance improvement despite the fear surrounding swap usage.
Setting a low non-zero swappiness value is telling the kernel that memory contents have priority over filesystem cache for remaining in RAM, or conversely that file cache is more likely to be evicted from the RAM. A value of 100 would mean that they have equal priority. So that memory content must have been very stale to be evicted despite having a significantly higher priority to reside in RAM.
So:
- don’t worry about swap usage unless you’re experiencing actual performance issues
- for ssd’s the value should be close to 100
- for hdd’s it should be low
- if you’re using both on your system, the default value of 60 is probably a decent approximation of the optimal value
Source: https://chrisdown.name/2018/01/02/in-defence-of-swap.html
Strange, I also have 32GB of RAM, my swapiness is 15, and my swap is always at 0 bytes used…
The use case will change everything. OP is likely using much more memory than you are (especially disk cache usage) so the kernel decided to swap out some data. Maybe you aren’t using as much so it has no need.
I do have many things running and the CPU is working hard for sure. I didn’t even notice the cached part of RAM. So glad I just upgraded from 16 yesterday. Lol
I mostly compile, it goes up to 20-24GB of RAM used, rest is cache, swap may get a few MB if I compile in debug, but that’s it…
I feel you. My swappiness is whatever is default in fedora and it’ll use like 20 gigs of RAM before anything goes into swap
I also have a 32gb RAM (30.5 GiB) and a swappiness value of 10. My entire swap is full and my RAM is only filled up to about 3.8 GiB. However my swap is just 512mb small (its not a typo, it’s half a GB). You should not worry too much, even if the swap is in use, because those parts are probably like “parked” ram area that is not in use for a while now and waiting “to be waken up”. And the performance penalty is not that big, if the swap is on a fast NVME SSD. In old days on old slow spinning hard drives, the penalty for using swap was huge (plus the Kernel and rest of operating system was not fine tuned as today).
Some related commands to check:
grep -H swappiness /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf swapon --show free cat /proc/meminfoHere is an interesting article: https://chrisdown.name/2018/01/02/in-defence-of-swap.html
Thank you. I like those commands.
Do you have zram set up?
Surprised I had to scroll so far to find this comment. I would be concerned about SSD longevity if my swap was doing that, but zram kind of negates that problem.
I’ve always thought that zram was a Fedora thing. Lol.
I don’t have it setup, no.
if you really feel the need to fuss with it then replace with swap on zram
how do you change swappiness?
through a kernel parameter, or permanently through sysctl
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.d/99-swappiness.conf
then add this line inside
vm.swappiness=10
Change the 10 any number you want
You probably just had a program(s) use a lot of ram and that pushed some processes to swap. When the system needs it, it will be moved back. I’d +1 on setting up zram. Can be setup easily on most distros.
I’ve been trying to run a stable system with never overcommit and no swap . It’s impossible. this is the thing that may make me a kernel developer once I retire.
I’ve settled for tons of swap with never overcommit but I still can’t do normal things sometimes.
The downside to swap is wearing out your disk and latency when swapping, it’s good to have swap usage before ram is gone to let the system have more ram available for random allocations. My goal is to never need the oom killer, but it seems like many apps (chrome and FF mostly) basically require overcommit to function.
Right now my system has 30% ram used and is still keeping 700MB is swap. I would recommend to try benchmarking your settings but I don’t do that myself so I don’t know what to use 😅.
You can try disabling swap with swapoff, then your system is definitely maximizing your ram use, just be prepared for the oom killer to wreck your session.
swap is usually significantly slower than ram; are you certain that you wan to use that instead?
I think you misread, OP is saying the system is using to little ram and too much swap.
that makes much more sense; thanks for the correction.
The other way around. I want the system to use all of my RAM. I paid good money for it, might as well use it all. Unused RAM is wasted RAM, right?
i see it as more a capability that i don’t always need beyond the minimum; but if you feel about it like this, you can also disable swap all together.
Have you ever tried just not having swap? Maybe don’t have a swap partition and see what results you get. I think there’s even a command that turns your swap completely off, too. Google “swapoff”. Good luck my friend.
